Many methods and approaches were developed, applied and discarded in order to try out for the most effective teaching language method. Unique to cl is that its purview is limited to a pair of languages. What is contrastive analysis free download as powerpoint presentation. It would seem that cs names the most general field, embodying both the linguistic and the extralinguistic e. L1, second language l2, contrastive analysis, literal translations junior secondary schools jss, senior secondary schools sss. Importance and uses of contrastive linguistics free essay. The son of spanish immigrants to the us, he learned english as an adult, which inspired his interest in the practical aspects of foreign language learning. Contrastive linguistics or cl is synonymous with contrastive analysis ca but only the latter is a countable noun. Contrastive linguistics seeks to study and explain any two languages.
However, contrastive analysis certainly cannot predict these developmental errors. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage and the. According to this theory, the most difficult sounds are those that the target. Guys there is the power point presentation of contrastive analysis, set 2. Thus, contrastive analysis followers suggest that teachers do contrastive analysis between the native language and the target language so as to predict the learning problems that will be faced by the students. An introduction to contrastive analysis of english and.
The role of contrastive analysis in translation study. Contrastive analysis was used extensively in the field of second language acquisition sla in the 1960s and early 1970s, as a method of explaining why some features of a target language were more difficult to acquire than others. English and any indigenous namibian language at any level of language analysis. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading an introduction to contrastive analysis of. Contrastive analysis and error analysis 4 part of the difficulties can be attributed to the mother tongue first language interference kardaleska, 2006. Contrastive analysis and error analysis stibaiec bekasi. An introduction to contrastive analysis of english and japanese kindle edition by hayakawa, isamu. Implication of contrastiveanalysis in english languageteaching analysis means the comparison of contrastive two languages by paying attention to differences and similarities between languages being compared. A contrastive analysis of french and american english. In microlinguistics, language is reduced to the abstract mental elements of syntax and phonology.
Readers are encouraged to study more indepth to gain a full appreciation of this hypothesis. Apr 30, 2020 contrastive analysis is the study and comparison of two languages. Contrastive analysis is the study and comparison of two languages. With charles fries, he was involved with the university of michigan eli english language institute, which. Micro linguistics is an indepth view of language and its structure. The ultimate aim of contrastive linguistics is to compare phonological systems, morphological systems, syntactic and lexical meanings of two or more languages. Contrastive analysis and native language identification acl. Different languages may establish relationships among concepts in the same way but even so, express them differently from a formal point of view. This includes listing the differences and similarities between them. English arabic contrastive analysis redefinition of goals. According to the behaviourist theories prevailing at the time, language learning was a question of habit formation, and this could be. This chapter is focused on the analysis of the contrastive analysis of the microlinguistics between javanese language of.
He identifies three ways in which data is idealized in linguistics. Narrowly specified, contrastive linguistics can be concerned as a branch of relative linguistics that is worried about pairs of languages which are socioculturally connected. What is contrastive analysis linguistics philology. Therefore, micro linguistic contrastive analysis is meant as a contrastive analysis to the linguistic rule or structure which is.
Introduction languages denote concepts and world views shared by a community of speakers. Cl is an approach to linguistic analysis that aims to describe the similarities and differences between pairs of languages. A critical survey of contrastive analysis hypothesis in a. Contrastive analysis in microlinguistics this chapter is focused on the analysis of the contrastive analysis of the microlinguistics between javanese language of banyumasan and english which is done by the writer. Linguistics can be categorized into microlinguistics and macrolinguistics.
Contrastive analysis is viewed as an interlinguistic, bidirectional phenomenon which is concerned with both the form and function of language. According to the contrastive analysis hypothesis formulated by. What is the difference between micro linguistics and macro linguistics, with definitions and examples. Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and. Eric ed123888 contrastive analysis, error analysis and. The textbook is intended to be used in combination with a selection of papers on individual topics, some of which go beyond corpus analysis. Micro linguistics is a science of language that learns a language viewed from the internal side which is analyzed in accordance with its rule or structure of its own language. Macrolinguistics and microlinguistics both involve the study and usage of language. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage and. View contrastive linguistics research papers on academia. Contrastive analysis became associated with behaviorist psychology, which was another separate influence on language teaching, particularly on audiolingual language teaching, and especially in the united states.
The interest in ea, however, declined after the growing enthusiasm for contrastive analysis henceforth ca which was considered a more reliable method than ea for predicting and explaining learning difficulties chau, 1975. Contrastive analysis contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Linguistics o contrastive analysis pays attention to different languages at lexical, phonological, syntactical and semantic levels o contrastive studies find similarities and differences between languages in. Contrastive analysis is a method to distinguish between what are needed and not needed to learn by the second language learner by evaluating languages m. Implication of contrastive analysis in english language teaching 1. Acomparisonoftheenglishandtagalogsoundsystems 3between these two languages. For example, this can be comparing english with latin or basque with iroquois. C598 2003 418dc21 2003054869 109 87654321 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03. Full text of contrastive analysis and error analysis a. I am grateful to my coworkers in the project leading to the enpc, in particular. Discourse analysis, or contrastive sociolinguistics, to mention but a few. Contrastive linguistics has also been called differential linguistics and is a subsection of comparative linguistics that is separated by its studying of only two languages at any one time.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Experiments in psycholinguistics revealed that second language learning is a process needs to be passed through the filters of first language rule system. Contrastive analysis ca is a method to distinguish between what are needed and not needed to learn by the target languagetl learner by evaluating languages m. Contrastive linguistics, since its inception by robert lado in the 1950s, has often been linked to aspects of applied linguistics, e. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage 1. In the remainder of this discussion, i will conduct a contrastive analysis in which i compare the languages respective consonant and vowel systems, as well as a brief exploration of some phonotactic constraints. In their effort to reach a reliable contrast of two or more languages. By contrast, ca is a way of comparing languages in order to. Microlinguistics definition of microlinguistics by the free. After this, we will provide a translation study section 4 which provides a perspective that is complementary to the contrastive analysis.
This mini research will introduce the readers students on how to conduct the contrastive analysis. Microlinguistics definition of microlinguistics by the. This refers to the fact that speakers of a language a are likely to transfer structural features of their native language when learning a second language b. Pdf contrastive analysis saieed moslemi nezhad academia. The contrastive analysis was the result of the need to teach a second language l2 in the most efficient way, as. In other words, it is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying.
Contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage. Ca is the study and comparison of two languages, learners target language tl and learners native language nl. What is the difference between micro linguistics and macro. Microlinguistic contrastive analysis, macrolinguistics and contrastive analysis, pedagogical exploitation of contrastive analysis, some issues of. Document resume the contrastive analysis hypothesis. According to this theory, the most difficult sounds are those that the target language has but the native language lacks. A concern for communicative competence rather than for linguistics competence in chomskys sense. Before starting our discussion there is a need to know and understand the real distinction between linguistics forms of microlinguistics and macrolinguistics. Implication of contrastive analysis in english language teaching. Contrastive analysisca is a method to distinguish between what are needed and not needed to learn by the target languagetl learner by evaluating languages m. While they are often interrelated concepts, they each approach the topic from a different level. In addition, ca is a technique to identify whether two languages have something in common, which assess both similarities and differences in languages. This is a brief overview of contrastive analysis for the reader to understand the main points.
In macrolinguistics, a suitable example is to see how text analysis may be. This refers to the fact that speakers of a language a are likely to transfer structural features of their. Linguistics can be categorized into micro linguistics and macro linguistics. The study may be theoretical, without any immediate application, or it may be applied, i. Since i used the book as a text in a course on contrastive analysis ca and error. The focus may be on general or on language specific features. This analysis must be considered the base for the contrastive analysis between the english gerund and its spanish counterparts from a cognitive point of view section 3. Macro linguistics and contrastive analysis by morteza. The interest in comparing and contrasting the different language systems, as a method of analysis, existed before cl inception, but the focus of interest was somehow different. And even if the answer to that question is a more or less hesitant affirmative, then one may well question the value to teachers and curriculum workers. Using both psycholinguistic and linguistic analysis, he establishes a sound theoretical basis for ca before going on to illustrate its contribution to the study of linguistic universals, bilingualism, and language. It is a form of comparative linguistics, related forms being comparative diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistic typology. At the end are guiding questions for the educator to contemplate instruction and contrastive analysis. This is done by looking at the structural similarities and differences of the studied languages.
Due to the need for a psychological component in the analysis, the notion of transfer is discussed. Contrastive linguistics definition is a branch of linguistics concerned with showing the differences and similarities in the structure of at least two languages or dialects. It contrasts with macrolinguistics, which includes meanings, and especially with sociolinguistics. Contrastive analysis, structuralist linguistics and behaviorist psychology the main idea of contrastive analysis, as propounded by robert lado in his book linguistics across cultures 1957, was that it is possible to identify the areas of. Raymond hickey contrastive meaning englishgerman page 2 of 23 types of interference at the centre of applied contrastive linguistics is the notion of transfer. Contrastive analysis is related to the comparison of two languages for the aim of translation and foreign language teaching ziahosseiny, 1999. Contrastive analysis of discourse and pragmatics is beneficial for pro viding the second language learner with how to interact in the community and co ntext of the second language. Contrastive analysis was extensively used in the 1960s and early 1970s as a method of explaining why some features of a target language were more difficult to acquire than others. It is argued that contrastive analysis, far from being irrelevant or obsolete as some critics have claimed, remains, both theoretically and methodologically, the most principled component of a. As such, contrastive analysis must view language psycholinguistically and sociolinguistically as a system to be both described and acquired. Importance and uses of contrastive linguistics free essay example. Setting a theoretical framework, the book takes a microlinguistic approach and in concentrating on syntax examines the effect of contrastive analysis of. There are two central aims to contrastive analysis. Implication of contrastive analysis in english language.
Contrastive analysis hypothesis linkedin slideshare. A contrastive analysis of english language teaching methods 268 murcia 2001 argued this as the field of second language or foreign language has undergone many fluctuations and swifts over the years. Pdf contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage. First, i will compare the phoneme inventories of the two languages, focusing on the differences in consonant phonemes. Contrastive linguistics is thus not a unified field of study. It is argued that contrastive analysis, far from being irrelevant or obsolete as some critics have claimed, remains, both theoretically and methodologically, the most principled component of a theory of errors. For example, german learners persist for some time in making erroneous choices between much and many despite the fact that german also makes a formal distinction between singular viel and plural viele.
In other words, it is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Contrastive analysis two areas of macro linguistics macro linguistics and contrastive analysis 1. Contrastive analysis and translation study from a corpus. With charles fries, he was involved with the university of michigan eli english language institute, which researched the best. There is a growing consensus that contrastive linguistics, just like languagespecific research, can profit considerably from the use of natural language corpora cf. Microlinguistics is an indepth view of language and its structure. The contrastive analysis hypothesis english language essay. Introduction english language has remained the language of government, law, administration, politics, mass media, commerce and all sorts of social engagement for people from different language groups in nigeria.
Microlinguistics is a branch of linguistics that concerns itself with the study of language systems in the abstract, without regard to the meaning or notional content of linguistic expressions. Dec 06, 2012 implication of contrastive analysis in english language teaching 1. What is the difference between micro linguistics and. Sla background robert lado, contrastive analysis, audiolingualism 2. Behind this terminological profusion there seems to exist a difference of scope with regard to the three main collocations the aforementioned terms tend to cluster around, namely.